>Components for your PV (Solar Electric) System
Introduction
Solar electric systems are a popular choice among renewable energy options due to the relatively low maintenance requirements and the long lifetime of many of the system components. Because there are no moving parts, and thus little chance of mechanical failure, most solar electric systems will continue to produce power for 30 years or more! Although some smaller solar electric systems can be relatively straightforward to install, many people choose to hire installers. Regardless of whether you plan to install an off-grid cabin system yourself or have a contractor install a grid-tied system, you will benefit from understanding and properly maintaining each component in your system.
Photovoltaic (PV) Modules (aka Solar Panels, Solar Electric Panels)
PV ModulesPV modules provide electricity from sunlight. They are typically made of silicon crystal slices called cells, glass, a polymer backing, and aluminum framing. PV modules can vary in type, size, shape, and color. In most cases the “size” of a PV module refers to the panel’s rated output wattage or electricity generating potential. Modules also have voltage ratings. Those with nominal voltages of 12 or 24 Volts are generally preferred for off-grid systems with battery banks. Other solar panels come in less common nominal voltages such as 18, 42, and even 60 Volts. These modules are typically used in grid-tied applications to accommodate the working voltage windows of grid-tied inverters. Solar panels can be used alone or combined into arrays by wiring them in series or in parallel to achieve the needed system voltage. The price of most large residential or commercial PV modules can range between $4.00 and $5.40 per rated Watt.
